As Linux has gained more popularity in recent years, people want to know more about it. While some claim it is hard to use, others say it is becoming more user-friendly and reliable. Which group is right?
Let’s find out by uncovering some information about it.
What is Linux?
In short, Linux is a Unix-like free monolithic, multi-tasking kernel. It was created by Linus Torvalds in 1991 and developed by its creator and contributors from around the globe.
When we hear Linux is free, it does not mean just free of charge; but also free of limitations. Its open-source model allows for the use, modification, and distribution of the Linux software.
In other words, under the GPLv2 license, you can see the source code; modify it to suit your needs, and distribute it for personal/commercial use.
A monolithic multi-tasking kernel handles all of the operating system’s components in kernel space. Moreover, it is also capable of running multiple tasks simultaneously.
A Linux/GNU operating system, like Ubuntu, uses its software (kernel, drivers, etc.) on hardware (like a laptop) to make it functional. However, if an errant code has compromised the OS, it may destroy the kernel itself, the underlying hardware powering the computer, or take over the user’s activity. That is the reason that pushed developers to separate userspace from kernel space.
Kernel space is reserved for the kernel itself, kernel modules, system calls, and device drivers.
On the other hand, userspace or userland is a container of libraries, system daemons, and other applications.
Virtualbox, LibreOffice, and Mozilla Firefox are an example of apps that run on the userland, to name a few.
In general, Linux comes within a distribution. A Linux/GNU distribution also referred to as a distro, is a complete operating system. Distros like Debian, Ubuntu, RedHat, OpenSUSE, and Arch Linux are the most common.
GNU is a looped acronym for “GNU’s Not Unix!“, which is a set of tools that vastly contributed and still contributes to making Linux the masterpiece of open-source software. The man behind GNU is Richard Stallman. He created the GNU project back in 1983.
Who should use Linux/GNU?
Privacy-minded people, developers, hackers, writers/journalists, IT professionals, students, teachers, activists…
You get my point. Linux/GNU is for everyone.
Generally, Linux/GNU distributions have a graphical user interface (GUI) by default to provide a seamless experience for beginners, gamers, and casual users.
That GUI is used by a Desktop Environment (DE) that facilitates using Linux/GNU and gives it a more appealing interface.
The most common Desktop Environments are GNOME, KDE, and Xfce.
You only have to choose a distro amongst a myriad to start your journey.
Which distribution should I use?
Linux is the same on all of the distros. Whatever distro you choose, you will have almost the same performance and functionality.
Keep in mind there are distros for almost every purpose. For instance, if you want to learn pentesting/hacking, you should go for Kali Linux, ParrotOS, or Black Arch. Likewise, if you intend to use the OS for gaming, you should consider Pop_os!
However, I recommend starting with a more user-friendly distribution such as Ubuntu, Linux Mint, Manjaro, or Pop_os!.
Summing up
To sum up, Linux started as a little personal project by a Finnish student in 1991. GNU provided a rich set of compatible tools.
Today, it is the most outstanding open-source software that links collaboration and innovation, among many qualities, altogether.
This open-source operating system powers the world’s top 500 supercomputers, most of the websites (including this one) and apps you use, IoT devices, and more.
If you have never used it before, were you discouraged from trying it, now is the right time. Pick a distribution! Explore the unknown!
Hello.
Good luck 🙂